20考研第29周热词(6.17-6.22)
1坚持共产党领导的社会主义国家是中朝关系的本质属性：itistheessentialattributeoftherelationshipthatbotharesocialist...
1 坚持共产党领导的社会主义国家是中朝关系的本质属性：it is the essential attribute of the relationship that both are socialist countries adhering to the leadership of a Communist party
2 应急响应 ：emergency response/预警系统：an early warning system
3 脱钩改革：decoupling reform/ 行业协会与行政机构脱钩：industrial associations were decoupled from administrative organs
4 沪伦通业务机制:the Shanghai-London Stock Connect mechanism
5 碳纤维地铁列车 :carbon fiber subway trains
6 “同车不同温”服务：train service with varying temperature
7 电子数据存证：electronic evidence preservation
8 家庭垃圾分类：household garbage sorting
9 re-election bid：连任竞选
习近平主席访问朝鲜
6月20日，中共中央总书记、国家主席习近平在平壤锦绣山迎宾馆同朝鲜劳动党委员长、国务委员会委员长金正恩会谈。
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The top leaders of China and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) agreed Thursday that the two countries should stay true to their original aspirations and join hands to create a bright future of inter-party and inter-state relations at a new starting point in history.
双方一致同意，在新的历史起点上，中朝双方愿不忘初心、携手前进，共同开创两党两国关系的美好未来。
Xi said his visit is aimed at consolidating and carrying forward the China-DPRK friendship and at advancing the political settlement process of the Korean Peninsula issue.
我这次是为巩固传承中朝友谊而来，为推动朝鲜半岛问题政治解决进程而来。
He added that he is confident that China and the DPRK, by taking the opportunity of the visit, will jointly blueprint a bright future of the bilateral relationship and open a new chapter of the China-DPRK friendship.
相信以这次访问为契机，我们一定会共同擘画中朝关系美好未来，共同开启中朝友谊崭新篇章。
By reviewing the development of China-DPRK relations, an insightful conclusion can be drawn that it is the essential attribute of the relationship that both are socialist countries adhering to the leadership of a Communist party, Xi stressed.
习近平强调，回顾中朝关系历程，可以深刻认识到：坚持共产党领导的社会主义国家是中朝关系的本质属性。
Shared ideals, beliefs and goals are the driving force of the relationship, the continuous friendship between and strategic guidance by top leaders are the greatest strength, and the geographical proximity and cultural affinity offer a sturdy bond, he added.
共同的理想信念和奋斗目标是中朝关系的前进动力；最高领导人的友谊传承和战略引领是中朝关系的最大优势；地缘相亲和文缘相通是中朝关系的牢固纽带。
The China-DPRK friendship is a strategic choice made by the two sides with a long-term and overall perspective and will not waver due to changes in the international situation, Xi said, adding that the friendship accords with the aspirations of both peoples, the fundamental interests of both countries and the development trend of the times.
我们坚信，中朝友谊符合两国人民心愿，符合两国根本利益，符合时代发展潮流，也是双方着眼长远大局作出的战略选择，不会因国际风云变幻而动摇。
Noting that China-DPRK ties have now entered a new historical period, Xi said that the CPC and the Chinese government attach great importance to the friendly and cooperative relations between the two countries, and that it is a steadfast policy of the CPC and the Chinese government to maintain, consolidate and develop China-DPRK relations.
习近平表示，当前，中朝关系已经进入新的历史时期。中国党和政府高度重视中朝友好合作关系，维护好、巩固好、发展好中朝关系，始终是中国党和政府坚定不移的方针。
In face of the profound and complex changes on the global and regional landscapes, China and the DPRK should strengthen high-level contact to guide the development of China-DPRK relations, Xi said, adding that he is ready to maintain close exchanges with Kim to consolidate mutual political trust and hold firmly the general direction of bilateral relations.
面对国际和地区形势深刻复杂演变，双方要加强高层交往，为中朝关系发展引领航向。我愿意同金正恩委员长保持密切交往，巩固政治互信，牢牢把握中朝关系发展大方向。
The two sides, Xi said, should deepen strategic communication and exchange views on major issues in an in-depth and timely manner, so as to create a favorable environment for the development of both countries.
双方要加强战略沟通，及时就重大问题深入交换意见，为两国发展营造良好环境。
He also suggested that the two sides expand practical cooperation to bring more benefits to both peoples.
双方要拓展务实合作，为两国人民带来更大福祉。
China is ready to work with the DPRK to deepen inter-party exchanges on governance experience, and boost cadre training and personnel exchanges in economic and well-being areas, he said.
中方愿同朝方深化两党治国理政经验交流互鉴，加强双方经济民生领域干部培训和人员往来。
The Chinese leader also urged the two sides to deepen friendly exchanges to lay a solid foundation for further consolidating and developing the China-DPRK friendship.
双方要深化友好交流，为中朝友谊巩固发展打牢根基。
China, he said, is ready to work with the DPRK to continue to implement the plan for commemorating the 70th anniversary of diplomatic ties, and conduct exchanges and cooperation in such fields as education, health, sports, media and youth as well as at local levels, so as to carry forward the traditional China-DPRK friendship and improve the well-being of both peoples.
中方愿同朝方继续落实好建交70周年纪念活动方案，开展教育、卫生、体育、媒体、青年、地方等领域交流合作，弘扬中朝传统友谊，增进两国人民福祉。
地震预警不是预报 但真的救命
据中国地震台网正式测定：6月17日22时55分，四川省宜宾市长宁县（北纬28.34度，东经104.90度）发生6.0级地震，震源深度16千米。据应急管理部消息，截至18日8时30分，地震已造成12人死亡、125人受伤。
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The Ministry of Emergency Management has activated an emergency response and sent a work team to the stricken areas to provide guidance in rescue and disaster relief.
应急管理部已启动应急响应，派出工作组前往受灾地区指导抢险救灾工作。
The ministry and the National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration have dispatched 5,000 tents, 10,000 folding beds and 20,000 quilts to the quake-hit areas.
应急管理部以及国家粮食和物资储备局紧急调拨5000顶帐篷、1万张折叠床、2万床棉被，支援抗震救灾工作。
据四川省消防总队消息，截至18日凌晨6时，已在21个救援点开展作业，共营救15人，疏散转移165人，排查危房168处。
值得注意的是，这次地震发生之后，包括成都主城区在内的不少地方都提前发出了地震预警，并通过电视、大喇叭等多种手段提醒民众及时避险。
In the provincial capital Chengdu, an early warning system alarmed the public through multiple broadcasting systems about one minute before the earthquake struck. The same system alerted residents in Yibin ten seconds before the quake hit.
省会成都在地震到达前约1分钟的时候通过多个广播渠道向民众发出警示，宜宾地区则在地震到达前10秒发出预警。
地震预警四川省重点实验室主任、成都高新减灾研究所所长王暾说：“地震预警不是预报（earthquake early warning is not an earthquake forecast），而是基于物联网技术（with advanced technology from the Internet of Things），利用电波比地震波快的原理（use the theory that radio waves travel faster than seismic waves），提前几秒到几十秒实现全自动警报。”
Earthquake research has found that being aware of an earthquake three seconds beforehand can save 14 percent of casualties, 10 seconds can save 39 percent of casualties, and 20 seconds can save 63 percent of casualties.
地震研究表明，如果能在地震发生前3秒发出预警，伤亡人数可减少14%；提前10秒，将减少39%伤亡；提前20秒，可减少63%伤亡。
同时，在重要工程如化工、高铁、地铁等领域，可通过系统紧急处置减少经济损失和次生灾害（save economic losses and avoid secondary disasters）。
行业协会商会与行政机关脱钩
国家发改委、民政部、中央组织部等在内的10部门于6月14日发布《关于全面推开行业协会商会与行政机关脱钩改革的实施意见》，就全面推开行业协会商会与行政机关脱钩改革提出意见。
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The decoupling reform was first advanced in July 2015 after the general plan was issued. In three pilot programs over the following three years, 422 national associations and 5,318 provincial industrial associations were decoupled from administrative organs, which account for more than 50 percent of the overall industrial associations.
脱钩改革总体方案于2015年7月提出，在之后的三年中推出了三批试点，共有422家全国性协会和5318家省级协会实现与行政机关脱钩，均超过应脱钩协会总数的50%。
实施意见指出，脱钩的主体是各级行政机关（administrative organs at various levels）与其主办、主管、联系、挂靠的行业协会商会（ industrial associations and chambers of commerce that are organized, administered, have contact with or attached to the administrative organs）。
同时具有以下特征的行业协会商会纳入脱钩范围：会员主体为从事相同性质经济活动的单位、同业人员，或同地域的经济组织；名称以“行业协会（industrial association）”、“协会（association/society）”、“商会（chamber of commerce）”、“同业公会（guild）”、“联合会（league）”、“促进会（association for promotion）”等字样为后缀；在民政部门登记为社会团体法人。
According to the document, all the qualified industrial associations and chambers of commerce should be completely decoupled from the related administrative organs in terms of organization, function, personnel, finance, property Party building and publicity.
改革的具体任务主要包括机构分离、职能分离、资产财务分离、人员管理分离、党建外事等事项分离等。
According to the timetable for the reform, decoupling should be completed in an all-round way by the end of 2020.
根据实施意见的时间安排，全面实施行业协会商会脱钩改革，2020年底前基本完成。
沪伦通正式启动
6月17日，中国证监会和英国金融行为监管局发布联合公告，原则批准上海证券交易所和伦敦证券交易所开展沪伦通业务，沪伦通正式启动。
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Under the Shanghai-London Stock Connect mechanism, Shanghai-listed companies can list on the London Stock Exchange via Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) issuance, while British companies can issue China Depositary Receipts (CDRs) on the Shanghai Stock Exchange.
在沪伦通业务机制下，上海的上市公司可以通过全球存托凭证在伦敦证券交易所上市交易，英国的上市公司可以在上海证券交易所挂牌中国存托凭证。
A quota system has also been established for the cross-border conversion business in the early stages of the program, according to a joint announcement by the CSRC and the Financial Conduct Authority.
中国证监会和英国金融行为监管局的联合公告指出，起步阶段，对沪伦通跨境资金实行总额度管理。
Under the system, the quota for eastbound business is set at 250 billion yuan (about $36.26 billion ), while that for westbound business stands at 300 billion yuan.
其中，东向业务总额度为2500亿元人民币；西向业务总额度为3000亿元人民币。
投资者开通沪伦通权限须满足：前20个交易日证券账户及资金账户内的资产日均不低于人民币300万元。
作为连接中国和英国资本市场的桥梁，沪伦通源起于2015年9月举行的第七次中英经济财金对话（the seventh China-UK Economic and Financial Dialogue）。过去4年间，中英双方都在为这座桥梁早日“通车”积极准备。
The mechanism would be of far-reaching significance to expand channels for cross-border investment and fund-raising, boost the development of both countries' capital markets and encourage the building of Shanghai into an international financial hub, the CSRC said in a statement.
证监会表示，启动沪伦通对拓宽双向跨境投融资渠道，促进中英两国资本市场共同发展，助力上海国际金融中心建设，都将产生重要和深远的影响。
2014年和2016年，我国先后推出沪港通（Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect）和深港通（Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect），允许沪深和香港的投资者互相到对方市场直接买卖股票。
碳纤维地铁列车在青岛试运行
6月19日，6辆编组碳纤维地铁列车在山东省青岛市成功完成试跑。据其研制方中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司（以下简称“中车四方”）介绍，这款被称为“未来地铁”的列车采用了先进技术和新型材料。
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The carriage body, bogie frame, driver's cabin and equipment compartment are made of carbon fiber composite materials, which make the train 13 percent lighter than traditional subway train, said Ding Sansan, deputy chief engineer of CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co. Silicon carbide inverter and permanent magnet synchronous motor are used in the hauling system, which save energy by 15 percent, said Ding.
据中车四方副总工程师丁叁叁介绍，该车车体、转向架构架、司机室、设备舱等均使用碳纤维复合材料制造。碳纤维使列车的重量更轻，整车较传统地铁减重13%。同时，该车牵引系统采用了碳化硅逆变器和永磁同步牵引电机，整车节能15%。
该车运行速度可达每小时140公里，比传统地铁更快（conventional subway train）。该车预计将在7月进行轨道测试。
北京地铁6号线尝试“同车不同温”
同一趟地铁列车有人嫌热有人怕冷，如何才能满足不同旅客对空调温度的需求？近日，北京地铁6号线尝试分设“强冷”车厢和“弱冷”车厢，乘客可根据指示标识按需乘车。
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In a bid to ease complaints and accommodate passengers' needs in the hot summer months of Beijing, Subway Line 6 is now offering train services with varying temperatures.
炎热夏季，为了应对乘客的抱怨、满足乘客需求，北京地铁6号线推出“同车不同温”服务。
Those riding on the front half of the train will be hit with a strong blast of air conditioning, while those on the back half will be subject to much less intense A/C.
位于地铁列车前半部分的车厢将提供强冷风空调，后半部分的车厢则提供弱冷风空调。
北京地铁运营一分公司相关负责人表示，目前6号线整列车厢温度高峰时设置为26℃，平峰时设置为27℃。工作人员将通过手动程序，分别对“强冷”车厢和“弱冷”车厢的空调温度进行调节（subway staff will manually adjust temperatures in carriages based on which section they are in）。
北京地铁方面表示，通过对已上线的3列车试运行情况看，“弱冷车厢”内的空调温度要比“强冷车厢”内高2℃（temperature in carriages of cool section is 2 degrees higher than that of cold section）。具体而言，“强冷车厢”的平均客室内温度约为25℃。
区块链将用于司法电子数据存证
近日发布的一份白皮书显示，电子数据存证（electronic evidence preservation ）是潜在区块链技术重要应用落地领域。
这份白皮书名为《区块链司法存证应用白皮书》（White Paper on Blockchain Technology Application in Judicial Evidence Storage），由中国信息通信研究院、上海高级人民法院牵头，20多家法院、技术公司等单位共同参与编写。
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With the rapid development of digital economy, electronic evidence has been increasingly used in judicial practice. However, electronic evidence still faces challenges as it is prone to be tampered.
随着数字经济的快速发展，电子证据在司法实践中的应用日益广泛。然而，电子证据仍然面临着挑战，如防篡改能力不足等。
Last year, the Supreme People's Court clarified that blockchain technology can be used to address problems on electronic evidence preservation.
2018年，最高法明确规定，可以用区块链等技术手段解决电子数据的存证问题。
According to the white paper, the blockchain technology is tamper-proof and secure and can help improve the credibility and authenticity of electronic evidence. The combination of blockchain and electronic evidence can reduce the cost of preserving electronic evidence, facilitate evidence examination and improve litigation efficiency.
根据白皮书，区块链技术具有防止篡改、安全防护等特点，有利于提升电子证据的可信度和真实性。区块链与电子数据存证的结合，可以降低电子数据存证成本，方便电子数据的证据认定，提高诉讼效率。
上海7月1日进入垃圾强制分类时代
《上海市生活垃圾管理条例》将于7月1日正式开始实施。该条例在建立健全全程分类体系的同时，分设了促进源头减量和资源化处理专章，将管理范畴延伸到两端，涵盖了全链条。
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According to the regulation, people are required to sort household garbage into four categories — dry garbage, wet garbage (kitchen waste), recyclables and hazardous waste — and individuals who fail to do so will be fined up to 200 yuan. For companies and institutions, the fine can go up to 50,000 yuan. In addition, transport operators can refuse to pick up the garbage if it's not properly sorted.
根据条例规定，人们须将家中的垃圾按照干垃圾、湿垃圾（厨余垃圾）、可回收物以及有害垃圾这四个类别放置，如果个人没有将垃圾分类投放最高罚款200元人民币，单位混装混运最高罚款5万元人民币。此外，未经分类的垃圾，收运单位可以拒绝接收。
自从“史上最严垃圾分类措施”的消息传开，朋友圈就开始流传各种“垃圾分类图”。为了避免民众被错误信息误导，上海市绿化和市容局编制了“上海市生活垃圾分类投放指南”。苹果核该归入哪一类，过期药物又属于哪一类，看这个图就明白啦。
除了居民个人垃圾分类要求外，条例针对特定对象提出了强制性要求。
According to the regulation, if not requested by guests, hotels should not provide disposable slippers and shower caps, while restaurants and food delivery businesses should not provide disposable cutlery.
条例规定，旅馆不得主动提供拖鞋、浴帽等一次性日用品，餐饮服务提供者和餐饮配送服务提供者不得主动提供一次性餐具。
Government and public institutions are not allowed to use disposable cups in the office and should give priority in purchasing products made from recycled materials.
党政机关、事业单位内部办公场所不得使用一次性杯具，采购时应优先选择由可回收材料制成的产品。
All the courier companies that operate in the city should use digital orders and environment friendly materials for packaging.
上海所有快递企业都应使用电子快递单，使用环保材料包装。
特朗普开启2020年总统连任竞选
美国总统特朗普正式开启2020年总统连任竞选（2020 re-election bid），并呼吁支持者们再给他四年时间，实现他对这个国家未完成的计划。特朗普鼓吹道，在他的守护下，美国经济已成为“全世界嫉妒的对象”。
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Kick-starting his election campaign at a jam-packedrally in Florida on Tuesday, Trump coined a new slogan, “Keep America Great”and warned that opposition Democrats want to “destroy” the country.
当地时间6月18日，特朗普在佛罗里达州一个人山人海的集会上，开启了竞选活动。他打造了一个新口号——“让美国保持伟大”，并警告称，对手民主党想要“摧毁”这个国家。
“Tonight I stand before you toofficially launch my campaign for a second term as President of the UnitedStates,” Trump told supporters. “I promise you I will never ever let you down.”
特朗普对其支持者说：“今晚，我站在你们面前，正式宣布开启我连任美国总统的竞选活动。我向你们保证，我永远不会让你们失望。”
他说，美国在他的任期内取得了巨大发展，如果他在明年的竞选中失利，所有一切都将面临危险。
编辑：马文英&翻吧君
来源：中国日报、中国日报网英语点津、新华社、the Tribune等